In recent years, the focus on carbon-neutrality has been growing across the entire industry. According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), international shipping must reduce total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 100% (achieving net-zero) by 2050, compared to 2008 levels. To achieve carbon-neutrality, it is essential to change ship fuels from fossil fuel to e-fuels. Representative e-fuels include methanol, ammonia and hydrogen, with methanol-powered engines already being available commercially. In 2022, HD Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) developed the world`s first 3.0-4.5MW medium-speed methanol-powered engine, H32DF-LM, which is being supplied to methanol-fueled ships globally. Additionally, in March 2024, HHI successfully completed the type approval test (TAT) for its 1.3-2.0MW medium-speed methanol engine, H22CDF-LM, establishing the first-ever lineup of methanol engines worldwide. HHI is in the process of developing 2.0-3.0MW methanol engine and plans to complete the detailed design later this year. Furthermore, research and development are underway for ammonia and hydrogen engines, which are zero-carbon fuels. To better understand the spay and combustion characteristics of ammonia fuel, HHI built the world`s largest constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) and has conducted visualization tests of ammonia spray and combustion. Based on the insight gained from these tests, engine prototype tests are currently in progress. The first ammonia engine (1.3-2.0MW), H22CDF-LA, is scheduled for TAT in the last of 2024. To develop the hydrogen engine, combustion characteristics and key component verification will be conducted using a single-cylinder engine. Following this, the development will be expanded to multi-cylinder engines. In addition, fuel supply system for each fuel type is being developed. Through these, we are doing our best as a total marine solution provider.

Shipping companies face two major challenges: digitalization and decarbonization. In particular, decarbonizing shipping is one of the biggest challenges facing the shipping industry.
Greenhouse gas regulations for shipping are becoming increasingly stringent.
The last MEPC 80 introduced a much stronger IMO GHG strategy of achieving net zero by 2050.
The IMO is currently discussing stronger mid-term measures beyond short-term measures.
In addition to IMO, the EU is preparing its own regional regulations.
To respond to these regulations, shipping companies are considering a number of strategies, including newbuildings powered by alternative fuels, retrofitting existing conventional ships to alternative fuel ships, energy-saving devices, and biofuels.
Today, I would like to explain what strategies shipping is developing and implementing in response to the decarbonization pressures it faces.

Due to strengthening IMO environmental regulations, shipping companies' concerns about building a sustainable future are increasing. At the MEPC 80 meeting held in 2023, IMO set a goal of reaching Net-Zero by around 2050, and it will be regulated through medium-term measures that combine the GFS (GHG Fuel Standard) based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) guideline and market-based measures in addition to existing short-term measures.
Therefore, it is essential for each shipping company to establish a decarbonization strategy to increase energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. To effectively achieve decarbonization, a customized decarbonization strategy is required according to the status of each shipping company's fleet, and furthermore, action plans that optimize the operational, technical, and economic aspects of each ship must be prepared. In 2023, KR conducted a joint study on decarbonization strategies with a Korean shipping company, and we will introduce the contents.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) agreed to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by or around 2050 at the 80th meeting of the Marine Environment Commission (MEPC) held in London in early July. This is a stronger measure than the previous target of 50% reduction by 2050, and the impact on the Korean shipping industry is expected to increase further.
In response to the IMO's tightening of GHG regulations, Korean shipping companies are expected to be forced to make large-scale new investments in carbon-free ships or pay for excess GHG emissions while using existing ships. According to the KMI study, the number of ships that need to be replaced with a single-year of (CII) E rating ships will be 259 by 2030, and the number is expected to increase to 370 if three consecutive years of (CII) D rating ships are included. Converting these many ships into eco-friendly ships is expected to cost trillions of won every year.
For the successful transition to eco-friendly ships, it is very important to revitalize the financing of green ships. In addition, in order to revitalize green ship finance, it is necessary to improve the tax system, expand government incentives, and expand the provision of ESG finance incentives.

The purpose of the maritime safety net is to promote a safe, stable, and sustainable global maritime industry, and the core of the maritime safety net in the era of digital transformation is artificial intelligence-based cyber security. Moreover, the maritime safety net in the era of digital transformation can be implemented through an organic combination of cutting-edge technology and highly trained human resources. Particularly, because cyber terrorism in maritime transportation passes through ships, maritime cyber security, unlike ashore, requires the expert knowledge of an operator on board ships. National Korea Maritime & Ocean University established the Division of Maritime Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security in 2022 and is beginning to train professional maritime officers specialized in both artificial intelligence and cyber security. In this lecture, we introduce the educational system and future development plans of the Division of Maritime Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security. This lecture is expected to serve as a framework for education and training on artificial intelligence-based cyber security in the global maritime industry.

Whether it is supply chain optimization, route planning, autonomous ships, or the application of robotic solutions in warehouses, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing the entire value chain of the maritime industry.

In this presentation, we will look at cases of AI applications in the maritime industry in shipping, terminal operations, and warehouse operations, and discuss the strategic implications of these applications for the maritime industry.

1. Ship Cyber Resilience Rules (UR E26, E27):
UR E26: This rule pertains to ship cyber resilience and procedures for ensuring resilience against cyber attacks on ships.

2. Ship Cybersecurity Research:
We are currently working on the development of cybersecurity technology for autonomous navigation vessels.

3. Risk Assessment for Ship Cyber Resilience:
Our team assesses the cyber resilience of ships, identifying potential risks and devising mitigation strategies.